2022年军队文职考试内容包括公共科目和1门相应专业科目，主要考核报考人员的综合素质和专业基础。专业科目考试分为哲学、经济学、法学、教育学、文学、外国语言文学、历史学、理工学、农学、医学、图书档案学、艺术学、管理学等13类44个专业。

　　英语语言学

　　考点一：语音学

　　Phoneme(音素，音位)：any one of the set of smallest units of speech in a language that distinguish one word from another. In English, the |s| in sip and the |z| in zip represent two different phonemes. 区分单词的最小语音单位，如英语sip中的s和zip中的z是两个不同的音素。

　　考点二：句法学

　　Syntax(句法学): study of the internal structures of sentence and the rules for the combination of words.

　　考点三：语用学

　　(一)Speech act theory(言语行为理论)

　　1. A locutionary act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax lexicon and phonology.

　　2. An illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something.

　　3. A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about the utterance; it is the act performed by saying something.

　　(二)会话准则

　　1. Maxim of quality 质量准则：使你的话尽量真实。

　　2.Maxim of quantity 数量原则：你的话应当包含所需要的信息内容。

　　3.Maxim of relevance 相关准则：使你的话与话题相关

　　4.Maxim of manner 方式准则：表达要清晰，避免模糊、歧义。

　　【例】Speech act theory is an important theory in the ( ) study of language.

　　A. semantic

　　B. pragmatic

　　C. phonetic

　　D. morphological

　　【答案】B。言语行为理论是语言学语用研究中的一个重要理论，所以应该选择B项。A项：语义学;C项：语音学;D项：形态学，均不符合题目要求。故正确答案为选项B。